In particular, hydrocarbons and halogenated compounds have long been doubted to be degradable in the absence of oxygen, but the isolation of hitherto unknown anaerobic hydrocarbon degrading and reductively dehalogenating bacteria during the last decades provided ultimate proof for these processes in nature. Efforts to overview the metabolism of hydrocarbons in microorganisms are. Isolation of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from soils. May 06, 2011 hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms are ubiquitous in the marine environment 27, 76, and biodegradation was shown to be successful in naturally remediating oil contamination associated with several spills that impacted shorelines predominated by permeable marine sediments 8, 46, 66. Isolation and molecular identification of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from oilcontaminated soil.
Aquifers are typically perceived as rather stable habitats, characterized by low biogeochemical and microbial community dynamics. Functional genes for anaerobic hydrocarbon degrading. Isolation and molecular identification of hydrocarbon. Principal microbial populations were identified using terminal restriction fragment trf analysis of dna extracted from groundwater. Within the framework of the priority program 19, investigations funded by the deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft on the anaerobic microbial degradation. Currently accepted disposal methods of incineration.
Molecular detection and identification of oil degrading bacteria from oilcontaminated soil in alrwuayshid area the northeast part of jordan,thesis, university of yarmouk,jordan, 2932. Natural gas and oil seeps and two major spill scenarios, the deepwater horizon blowout and the prestige vessel disaster, are presented to describe how hydrocarbondegrading microorganisms respond. The chapter presents a brief overview of that understanding particularly as it relates to anaerobic alkylbenzene, alkane, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pah decay. Petroleum hydrocarbon an overview sciencedirect topics. Accordingly, anaerobic degradation of hydrocarbons involves a variety of. Biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons in extreme. This is an interesting study where the authors investigated the effects of hydraulic dynamics on anaerobic degrader communities in an oilcontaminated aquifer. Role of environmental factors and microorganisms in determining the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine environment robert duran corresponding author. Anaerobic biodegradation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Taxonomy, genomics and ecophysiology of hydrocarbondegrading. Upon contamination, aquifers shift to a perturbed ecological status, in which specialized populations of contaminant degraders establish and mediate aquifer restoration. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in the environment. Pages in category hydrocarbon degrading bacteria the following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. The anaerobic degradation of shortchain alkanes was for the first time suggested by geochemical studies of deepsea marine sediments around hydrocarbon seeps.
Thus, qpcrrelated analytical approaches can be used to evaluate contamination cleanup efforts. R international journal of environmental sciences volume 3 no. The anaerobic degradation of gaseous, nonmethane alkanes. This protocol describes an approach for the successive. Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons e. Anaerobic degradation has also been coupled to methanogenesis, fermentation and phototrophic. Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and fungi are widely distributed in marine, freshwater, and soil habitats. The devastating environmental impacts of the exxon valdez spill in 1989 and its media notoriety made it a frequent comparison to the bp deepwater horizon spill in the popular press in 2010, even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology protocolsthere are tens of thousands of structurally different hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives and lipids, and a wide array of these molecules are required for cells to function.
None of the protonreducing hydrocarbondegrading bacteria is available in a defined coculture or in pure culture. Isolation and identification of petroleum hydrocarbon. Many anaerobic microorganisms are difficult to isolate because they grow slowly and rely on interactions with other microorganisms. They can be biodegraded by naturallyoccurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A last group of anaerobic bacteria, which may principally use hydrocarbons as carbon and electron sources, are the anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbon contamination resulting from the activities related to the petrochemical industry. However, the ecological controls of such degrader populations, and possible feedbacks between. Hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms, adapted to grow and thrive in these environments, play an important role in the biological treatment of polluted extreme habitats. Studies have shown that many of these native microorganisms, which are already thriving in the local climatic and soil conditions, are better at degrading oil than introduced species that are not yet acclimatized to local conditions. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons sciencedirect. Anaerobic bacteria predominate on normal skin and among the bacterial flora of mucous membranes. My major concern is the way how the impacts of hydraulic dynamics on microbial communities were analyzed and discussed. Bioremediation of petroleum oil contaminated soil and water.
Hydrocarbon degrading organisms are abundant in areas where there is oil, such as near seeps on land or in water. Table 1 pure cultures of anaerobically hydrocarbondegrading bacteria. Overview of anaerobic bacteria infectious diseases. Anaerobic bacterium an overview sciencedirect topics.
Anaerobic microbial degradation of hydrocarbons karger publishers. Role of environmental factors and microorganisms in. Similarly, hydrocarbon degrading cyanobacteria have been reported 27, 28 although contrasting reports indicated that growth of mats built by cyanobacteria in the saudi coast led to preservation of oil residues. Under anaerobic conditions, aromatic compounds are transformed into a few intermediates namely. This synopsis aims at providing a brief overview of the results from. While generically applicable for all microorganisms, the approaches described are, wherever possible, adapted to the field of study of hydrocarbon. Most petroleum hydrocarbons encountered in the environment are ultimately degraded or metabolized by indigenous bacteria because of their energetic and carbon needs for growth and reproduction, as well as the requirement to relieve physiological stress caused by the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons in the microbial bulk environment hazen et al. There are tens of thousands of structurally different hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives and lipids, and a wide array of these molecules are required for cells to function. Abstract many hydrocarbon contaminated environments are characterized by low or elevated temperatures, acidic or alkaline ph, high salt concentrations, or high pressure. Anaerobic hydrocarbondegrading sulfatereducing bacteria. The success of aerobic bioremediation highly depends on the ability to deliver oxygen to hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms. Anaerobic bacterial metabolism of hydrocarbons fems.
This paper provides an overview of the recent literature referring to the usage of. Many hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms produce extracellular emulsifying agents. The global hydrocarbon cycle, which is largely driven by microorganisms, has a major impact on our environment and climate. Isolation and identification of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms from oil contaminated environment panda s. Natural gas and oil seeps and two major spill scenarios, the deepwater horizon blowout and the prestige vessel disaster, are presented to describe how hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms respond. For a long time, the mechanism considered to be prevalent for oil degradation in petroleum reservoirs was the well documented aerobic microbial metabolism and it has long been thought that the flow of oxygen through meteoric waters was necessary for inreservoir petroleum biodegradation. Formation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons biological formation among hydrocarbons formed by living organisms, one may. Anaerobic hydrocarbondegrading sulfatereducing bacteria at. Anaerobic hydrocarbondegrading microorganisms researchgate.
Anaerobic bacterial metabolism of hydrocarbons heider. The ability of microorganisms bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. A novel method for the synergistic remediation of oilwater mixtures using. Crude oil biodegradation in the marine environments intechopen. This book provides comprehensive, authoritative descriptions of the microbes involved in cleaning up oil spills and degrading climatealtering hydrocarbons such as methane, and has detailed discussions about the taxonomy, ecology, genomics, physiology and global significance of these hydrocarbondegrading microbes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction qpcr quantifies the abundance of specific microorganisms and functional genes capable of degrading a particular contaminant at a given site. Establishing anaerobic hydrocarbondegrading enrichment. Characterization of aerobic and anaerobic microbial activity. Widdel f, knittel k, galushko a 2010 anaerobic hydrocarbondegrading microorganisms.
Anaerobic microorganisms that utilize hydrocarbons became known when aerobic. A human perspective, 8e, but can be used with any nonmajorsallied health microbiology textbook. In some cases, emulsifier production is induced by growth on hydrocarbons hisatsuka et al. Materials and methods soil samples samples 500g contaminated with oil since 1986 when oil production began in lingala oil field, india used for isolation of hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms, were collected from oil. Hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology protocols isolation and. Source of isolation the source for bacterial isolation consisted of wastewaters contaminated with used motor oil, diesel and lubricating oils. Microorganisms free fulltext dynamics of hydrology and. The current understanding of anaerobic hydrocarbon decay stems from laboratory studies of isolates or enrichment cultures obtained from petroleumcontaminated environments. Isolation and characterization of hydrocarbondegrading. Petroleum hydrocarbondegrading bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and can. This book chapter will address how the implementation of such. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction qpcr enviro wiki.
These studies preceded the isolation and cultivation of the first anaerobic microorganisms able to degrade gaseous alkanes. For information about anaerobic degradation of alkenes and alkynes, the reader is referred to other overview articles 4,5. Hydrocarbon components have been known to belong to the family of carcinogens and neurotoxic organic pollutants. Anaerobic biodegradation of saturated and aromatic. Anaerobic microorganisms use a strategy of attacking the aromatic ring via reductive transformations. Hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology protocols primers. Pdf anaerobic hydrocarbondegrading deltaproteobacteria. Selected highlights from this program are collected in this synopsis, with.
Microorganisms either catabolize petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants to obtain energy or assimilate them into cell biomass leahy and colwell, 1990. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants. This chapter presents a summary of the environmental problems and issues related to the use of liquid petroleum, or oil. This volume presents relevant singlecell and singlemolecule approaches in the study of microbes producing and utilizing hydrocarbons and lipids.
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